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Citation Styles for the Humanities

Citation styles for literature, history, philosophy, religious studies, and the fine arts, with formatting rules and examples.

Chicago Author-Date

Journal article
History & Fine Arts

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. 2024. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45 (3): 234–51.

In-text

(Smith and Doe 2024, 237)

Chicago Author-Date 18

Journal article
History & Fine Arts

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. 2024. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45 (3): 234–51.

In-text

(Smith and Doe 2024, 237)

Chicago Notes

Journal article
Humanities

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 234–51.

In-text

¹ Jane A. Smith and Mark B. Doe, “The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems,” Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 237.

Chicago Notes 18

Journal article
Humanities

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 234–51.

In-text

¹ Jane A. Smith and Mark B. Doe, “The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems,” Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 237.

MLA 8

Journal article
Humanities

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science, vol. 45, no. 3, 2024, pp. 234-51.

In-text

(Smith and Doe 237)

MLA 9

Journal article
Humanities

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science, vol. 45, no. 3, 2024, pp. 234–51.

In-text

(Smith and Doe 237)

Turabian AD

Journal article
History

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. 2024. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45 (3): 234–51.

In-text

(Smith and Doe 2024, 237)

Turabian

Journal article
History

Smith, Jane A., and Mark B. Doe. "The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems." Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 234–51.

In-text

¹ Jane A. Smith and Mark B. Doe, “The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems,” Journal of Environmental Science 45, no. 3 (2024): 237.