Citation Guides & Tips
Expert guides to help you cite sources correctly in any academic style.
Bluebook Short Form Citations: Id., Supra, and Shortened Forms Explained
A complete guide to Bluebook short form citations under Rule 4, including when to use id. vs. supra, shortened case names, and hereinafter, with worked examples.
How to Cite a Federal Statute in Bluebook Format
A complete guide to citing U.S. federal statutes in Bluebook 21st edition format, covering the U.S.C., popular names, session laws, and common Rule 12 mistakes.
How to Cite a Supreme Court Case in Bluebook Format
A complete guide to citing U.S. Supreme Court cases in Bluebook 21st edition format, with reporter hierarchy, pin cites, parentheticals, and worked examples.
How to Cite Sources in Turabian Citation Style
A student-focused guide to Turabian citation style - notes-bibliography and author-date systems, formatting rules, and worked examples for common academic sources.
How to Cite a Government Document in APA 7th Edition
Learn the exact format for citing government documents in APA 7th edition, with examples for federal reports, congressional publications, executive orders, state documents, and more.
How to Format a Works Cited Page in MLA 9
Everything you need to know about formatting an MLA 9 Works Cited page - hanging indents, alphabetization, multiple works by one author, and a complete formatting checklist.
How to Write an Annotated Bibliography
Learn how to write an annotated bibliography in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago styles - with real examples, formatting rules, and a breakdown of what makes a strong annotation.
How to Cite Sources in Vancouver Citation Style
A practical guide to Vancouver citation style for medical and health sciences writing - numbered references, in-text superscripts, and worked examples for clinical sources.
How to Cite Sources in IEEE Citation Style
Learn IEEE citation format - numbered references, in-text brackets, and worked examples for conference papers, journal articles, books, websites, and standards.
How to Cite Sources in Harvard Referencing Style
Complete guide to Harvard referencing - in-text citations, reference list formatting, and worked examples for books, journals, websites, and more.
How to Cite Sources in Chicago Author-Date Style
Learn Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition author-date citations - in-text parenthetical references, reference list formatting, and worked examples for sciences and social sciences.
How to Cite Sources in Chicago Notes-Bibliography Style
A practical guide to Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition notes-bibliography system - footnotes, bibliography entries, and worked examples for common source types.