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Citation Guides & Tips

Expert guides to help you cite sources correctly in any academic style.

·14 min read

How to Format a Works Cited Page in MLA 9

Everything you need to know about formatting an MLA 9 Works Cited page - hanging indents, alphabetization, multiple works by one author, and a complete formatting checklist.

MLAcitation guideformatting
·17 min read

How to Write an Annotated Bibliography

Learn how to write an annotated bibliography in APA 7, MLA 9, and Chicago styles - with real examples, formatting rules, and a breakdown of what makes a strong annotation.

annotated bibliographyAPAMLAChicagocitation guide
·11 min read

Vancouver Citation Style: Format and Examples

Vancouver journal article format: Author(s). Title. Abbrev J Title. Year;Vol(Issue):Pages. doi:XX. See examples for books, websites, and clinical guidelines.

Vancouvercitation guide
·10 min read

How to Cite Sources in IEEE Citation Style

Learn IEEE citation format - numbered references, in-text brackets, and worked examples for conference papers, journal articles, books, websites, and standards.

IEEEcitation guide
·11 min read

How to Cite Sources in Harvard Referencing Style

Complete guide to Harvard referencing - in-text citations, reference list formatting, and worked examples for books, journals, websites, and more.

Harvardcitation guide
·12 min read

How to Cite Sources in Chicago Author-Date Style

Learn Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition author-date citations - in-text parenthetical references, reference list formatting, and worked examples for sciences and social sciences.

Chicagocitation guide
·13 min read

How to Cite Sources in Chicago Notes-Bibliography Style

A practical guide to Chicago Manual of Style 18th edition notes-bibliography system - footnotes, bibliography entries, and worked examples for common source types.

Chicagocitation guide
·13 min read

How to Cite a Journal Article in MLA 9th Edition

Step-by-step guide to citing journal articles in MLA 9 format - print journals, online journals with DOIs, database articles, and articles with multiple authors.

MLAcitation guidejournal articles
·12 min read

How to Cite a Book in MLA 9th Edition

Complete guide to citing books in MLA 9 format - print books, ebooks, edited collections, translated works, and multi-volume sets with worked examples.

MLAcitation guidebooks
·12 min read

How to Cite a Website in MLA 9th Edition

Learn the exact format for citing websites in MLA 9 format with the core elements system - examples for pages with authors, no authors, no dates, and organizational sources.

MLAcitation guidewebsites
·14 min read

How to Cite a Book in APA 7th Edition

Learn the exact format for citing books in APA 7th edition, with examples for single authors, multiple authors, edited books, chapters, and ebooks.

APAcitation guidebooks
·17 min read

How to Cite a Journal Article in APA 7th Edition

Learn the exact format for citing journal articles in APA 7th edition, with examples for single authors, multiple authors, DOIs, online-only journals, and more.

APAcitation guidejournal articles