Website
Website Example
University of Chicago Press. "Turabian Style Guide." The Chicago Manual of Style Online, March 15, 2024. https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian.html.
Turabian full notes and bibliography Citation Generator
Turabian full notes and bibliography style is based on Chicago style and is commonly used for student papers in history and other humanities disciplines. This citation generator follows A Manual for Writers (9th edition).
History
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Open the generatorWhat sources can you cite in Turabian full notes and bibliography format?
- Books and book chapters
- Journal articles
- Websites and online sources
- Archival materials
- Newspapers and magazines
- Dissertations and theses
- Government documents
- Films and multimedia
How to create Turabian full notes and bibliography citations
Reference list citations
Turabian notes-bibliography requires two elements: footnotes/endnotes AND a bibliography. Notes format: First Name Last Name, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), Page. Example: 1. Jane Doe, A History of Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020), 45. Bibliography format: Last Name, First Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Year. Example: Doe, Jane. A History of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020. Notes use first-name-first order; bibliography uses last-name-first. Use title case (Capitalize Major Words) for all titles. Italicize book and journal titles; use quotation marks for article titles and book chapters. The bibliography is alphabetized by author's last name with hanging indent. For journal articles in notes: 2. First Name Last Name, 'Article Title,' Journal Name Volume, no. Issue (Year): Page.
In-text citations
Use superscript numbers¹ for footnotes/endnotes. Place the number after punctuation (usually after a period or comma). First citation of a source uses full format. Subsequent citations use shortened form: Last Name, Short Title, Page. For immediately consecutive citations to the same source, use 'Ibid.' (or 'Ibid., Page' for a different page). Never use 'op. cit.' in Turabian style. When shortening a title, keep enough of it to be unambiguous (e.g., A History of Chicago becomes History of Chicago, not History). Notes are numbered consecutively throughout each chapter.
Turabian full notes and bibliography Citation Examples
See how to format different source types in Turabian full notes and bibliography.
Journal Article
Journal Article Example
Smith, John, and Mary Doe. "Historical Research Methods." Journal of History 45, no. 2 (2024): 123-45.
Book
Book Example
Brown, Charles. The Study of History. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2023.
Quick Turabian full notes and bibliography Rules
Author Format
First name Last name in notes. Last name, First name in bibliography. Use 'and' before last author.
Title Format
Title case for article titles in quotation marks. Italicize book and journal titles.
Date Format
Publication date follows publisher location. Use month day, year format.
Journal/Source
Journal name italicized, volume number, issue number (in parentheses), year, and page range.
In-text Citations
Use footnotes or endnotes with superscript numbers. Shortened form for subsequent citations.
About this Turabian full notes and bibliography citation generator
This citation generator follows A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 9th edition (published 2018), commonly known as Turabian style. The manual is named after Kate L. Turabian, who served as the dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago and authored the first edition in 1937. Turabian is essentially a simplified, student-focused version of The Chicago Manual of Style, trimmed for writers of research papers, theses, and dissertations (as opposed to published works). It supports both notes-bibliography (this variant, used in history, literature, and the humanities) and author-date (used in the sciences). For complex sources, unusual cases, or detailed rules, consult the full Chicago Manual of Style or your institution's specific Turabian requirements.
Common Turabian full notes and bibliography citation mistakes
- Using the same name order in notes and bibliography (notes: First Last; bibliography: Last, First)
- Forgetting to include both notes and bibliography entries
- Using 'op. cit.' instead of shortened citations (Turabian doesn't use op. cit.)
- Placing superscript numbers before punctuation instead of after
- Not shortening titles properly in subsequent citations
- Confusing Turabian notes-bibliography with author-date style
- Italicizing short work titles like articles or chapters (they should be in quotation marks, not italics)
- Using 'p.' before page numbers in notes (Turabian uses bare page numbers after the title-publisher block)
Turabian full notes and bibliography Frequently Asked Questions
What is Turabian full notes and bibliography style?
Turabian full notes and bibliography style is based on Chicago style and uses footnotes/endnotes with superscript numbers, ideal for humanities and student papers.
How do I cite a website in Turabian notes style?
Include author (if available), page title in quotation marks, website name italicized, publication date, and URL in a footnote.
What is a shortened footnote in Turabian?
After the first full citation, subsequent citations use a shortened form: Author's Last Name, Short Title, page number.
Does Turabian notes require a bibliography?
Yes, Turabian full notes and bibliography style requires both footnotes/endnotes and a bibliography at the end.
Turabian full notes and bibliography Citation Guides
Maintained by the AllCitations team. Our citation data is reviewed against the latest official style manuals.
Other Citation Styles
Last updated: April 2026 - Turabian full notes and bibliography formatting rules.