Website
Website Example
University of Chicago Press. "Turabian Style Guide." The Chicago Manual of Style Online, March 15, 2024. https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/turabian.html.
Turabian full notes and bibliography Citation Generator
Turabian full notes and bibliography style is based on Chicago style and is commonly used for student papers in history and other humanities disciplines. This citation generator follows A Manual for Writers (9th edition).
History
What sources can you cite in Turabian full notes and bibliography format?
- Books and book chapters
- Journal articles
- Websites and online sources
- Archival materials
- Newspapers and magazines
- Dissertations and theses
- Government documents
- Films and multimedia
How to create Turabian full notes and bibliography citations
Reference list citations
Turabian notes-bibliography requires two elements: footnotes/endnotes AND a bibliography. Notes format: First Name Last Name, Title (Place: Publisher, Year), page. Bibliography format: Last Name, First Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Year. Notes use first-name-first order; bibliography uses last-name-first. Use title case for all titles. Italicize book and journal titles; use quotation marks for article titles. The bibliography is alphabetized by author's last name.
In-text citations
Use superscript numbers¹ for footnotes/endnotes. Place the number after punctuation (usually after a period or comma). First citation of a source uses full format. Subsequent citations use shortened form: Last Name, Short Title, page. For immediately consecutive citations to the same source, use 'Ibid.' (or 'Ibid., page' for different pages). Never use 'op. cit.' in Turabian style.
Turabian full notes and bibliography Citation Examples
See how to format different source types in Turabian full notes and bibliography.
Journal Article
Journal Article Example
Smith, John, and Mary Doe. "Historical Research Methods." Journal of History 45, no. 2 (2024): 123-45.
Book
Book Example
Brown, Charles. The Study of History. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2023.
Quick Turabian full notes and bibliography Rules
Author Format
First name Last name in notes. Last name, First name in bibliography. Use 'and' before last author.
Title Format
Title case for article titles in quotation marks. Italicize book and journal titles.
Date Format
Publication date follows publisher location. Use month day, year format.
Journal/Source
Journal name italicized, volume number, issue number (in parentheses), year, and page range.
In-text Citations
Use footnotes or endnotes with superscript numbers. Shortened form for subsequent citations.
About this Turabian full notes and bibliography citation generator
This citation generator formats references according to A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th edition), commonly known as Turabian style. It is specifically designed for student papers in history, arts, and humanities. The generator creates both footnote/endnote citations and bibliography entries. For advanced formatting or unusual sources, consult the full Turabian manual.
Expert-Verified Turabian full notes and bibliography Citations You Can Trust
Incorrect citations cost you grades. Our Turabian full notes and bibliography citation generator is built by formatting experts who've refined every algorithm for precision. Trusted by educators and students worldwide, we help you cite sources correctly the first time.
Tom Atkinson
Citation Expert
Garrett Becker
Style Specialist
Briggs Knight
Citation Developer
Common Turabian full notes and bibliography citation mistakes
- Using the same name order in notes and bibliography (notes: First Last; bibliography: Last, First)
- Forgetting to include both notes and bibliography entries
- Using 'op. cit.' instead of shortened citations (Turabian doesn't use op. cit.)
- Placing superscript numbers before punctuation instead of after
- Not shortening titles properly in subsequent citations
- Confusing Turabian notes-bibliography with author-date style
Turabian full notes and bibliography Frequently Asked Questions
What is Turabian full notes and bibliography style?
Turabian full notes and bibliography style is based on Chicago style and uses footnotes/endnotes with superscript numbers, ideal for humanities and student papers.
How do I cite a website in Turabian notes style?
Include author (if available), page title in quotation marks, website name italicized, publication date, and URL in a footnote.
What is a shortened footnote in Turabian?
After the first full citation, subsequent citations use a shortened form: Author's Last Name, Short Title, page number.
Does Turabian notes require a bibliography?
Yes, Turabian full notes and bibliography style requires both footnotes/endnotes and a bibliography at the end.
Other Citation Styles
Last updated: December 2025 — Turabian full notes and bibliography formatting rules.